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Home / Pathology / Immunology

Immunology

3 topics in Immunology for PGET Paper I Pathology. Each one explains the concept simply, then gives exam-focus points and a quick revision list.

Antigens, antibodies and innate and acquired immunityHow the body defends itself: innate versus adaptive immunity, the cells involved (T cells, B cells, NK cells, macrophages, dendritic cells), antigens, haptens and MHC, the five antibody classes and what each does, and active versus passive immunity.Hypersensitivity reactionsThe four types of hypersensitivity (harmful immune reactions): type I immediate (IgE, mast cells, anaphylaxis), type II antibody-mediated, type III immune-complex and type IV T-cell-mediated delayed reactions, with mechanisms, timings, examples and tests.Transplantation, immunodeficiency and autoimmunityWhy transplanted organs are rejected (hyperacute, acute and chronic rejection) and graft-versus-host disease, the main primary and secondary immunodeficiencies including HIV/AIDS, and how tolerance fails in autoimmune disease, with SLE and the key autoantibodies.
Previous chapterGenetics

All Pathology chapters · All PGET subjects

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For education and revision. Not a medical device and not a substitute for clinical judgement, senior advice or your hospital’s protocols. Check every dose against a current drug reference before prescribing. Not affiliated with PMDC, CPSP, NUMS or any hospital.