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Antenatal Care, Labour and Puerperium

5 topics in Antenatal Care, Labour and Puerperium for PGET Paper II Obstetrics & Gynaecology. Each one explains the concept simply, then gives exam-focus points and a quick revision list.

Antenatal care: dating, EDD, booking investigations and screeningHow pregnancy is dated and the EDD worked out, what is done at the booking visit, which blood and urine tests are sent, which infections are screened for, and how high-risk women are picked out early.

Normal labour: mechanism, stages and managementWhat normal labour is, the three stages and how long each should last, the cardinal movements of the fetal head through the pelvis, the skull diameters and pelvic planes that explain them, the partogram and active management of the third stage.

Puerperium and its complicationsThe six weeks after childbirth: how the uterus involutes, the types of lochia, normal recovery, and the main complications, including puerperal pyrexia and sepsis, secondary PPH, thromboembolism, breast problems and postnatal mood disorders.

Assessment of fetal wellbeing and CTGHow the fetus is checked before and during labour: fetal movements, fundal height and growth scans, amniotic fluid, the CTG and its four features, the biophysical profile, umbilical and fetal Doppler, and fetal blood sampling in labour.

Prenatal screening and diagnosisHow fetal disease is found before birth: screening tests for Down syndrome (combined test, quadruple test, NIPT), the anomaly scan, and the invasive diagnostic tests (CVS, amniocentesis, cordocentesis) with their timing and risks.

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